Civil litigation refers to the legal process in which disputes between individuals, organizations, or entities are resolved through the court system. This process involves legal actions taken to enforce, protect, or redress rights or claims, typically involving matters that are not criminal in nature. Civil litigation covers a wide range of legal issues, including but not limited to contract disputes, personal injury claims, property disputes, family law matters, employment disputes, and more.

Civil litigation is a structured process that aims to provide a fair and impartial resolution to disputes between parties. It involves adherence to legal procedures, the presentation of evidence, and the application of relevant laws and statutes. Legal representation is often sought by parties involved in civil litigation to ensure their rights and interests are protected throughout the process.

The process of civil litigation typically involves the following stages: pre-filing stage, filing of complaint, service of process, responsive pleadings from defendant(s), discovery, pre-trial motions, trial, verdict, and judgment.